Government should support a portfolio of engineered removals and deploy a range of first of a kind plants at scale no later than 2030. To support deployment, government should use a combination of:

• staged competitions, focused on pulling through early stage technologies to commercial readiness
• direct investment, with the option for the involvement of the UK Infrastructure Bank
• contracts for revenue with government using competitive auctions where possible, and consider the feasibility of linking the contracts to a market-based mechanism, such as the newly established UK Emission Trading Scheme.